Cutro Decree (D.L. 20/2023) — asylum and irregular-entry tightening

Law Decree 20/2023, converted into Law 50/2023, introduced several asylum tightening measures: restricted "special protection" residence permits, criminal penalties for smugglers up to 30 years, expanded detention pre-return. Enacted after the Cutro (Calabria) shipwreck in February 2023 in which 94 people drowned. Contested in Italian and European courts; key provisions remain in force.